This updated issue brief, a collaboration between UNDP and the USC Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, provides a comprehensive analysis of the mpox response, incorporating lessons learned from previous public health emergencies, including HIV, Ebola, COVID-19 and the 2022 mpox outbreak. The brief emphasizes the need for a science-driven, human rights-based approach, highlighting the critical role of community engagement, health systems strengthening and global solidarity. New insights from the ongoing 2024 mpox outbreak, recently declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the WHO, and a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS) by the Africa CDC, reinforce the urgency of rights-based, multisectoral strategies to ensure equitable access to diagnostics, vaccines and treatments. The November 2024 issue brief updates the recommendations for addressing mpox and future pandemics, advocating for responses centered on equity and sustained political commitment to accelerate progress on the SDGs and the pledge to leave no one behind.